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OBVERSE |
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REVERSE |
INITIAL
DESIGN |
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Artist's rendition of Gen. George Washington awarding Sgts.
Elijah Churchill and William Brown the Badge of Military
Merit. The ceremony took place at Washington's Revolutionary
War headquarters in Newburgh, N.Y., May 3, 1783 |
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Newburgh, 3
May 1783 |
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1. Description: A Purple heart within a Gold border, 1 3/8 inches wide,
containing a profile of General George Washington. Above the heart
appears a shield of the Washington Coat of Arms (a White shield with two
Red bars and three Red stars in chief) between sprays of Green leaves.
The reverse consists of a raised Bronze heart with the words "FOR
MILITARY MERIT" below the coat of arms and leaves.
2. Ribbon: The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following
stripes: 1/8 inch White 67101; 1 1/8 inches Purple 67115; and 1/8 inch
White 67101.
3. Criteria: a. The Purple Heart is awarded in the name of the President
of the United States to any member of an Armed Force who, while serving
with the U.S. Armed Services after 5 April 1917, has been wounded or
killed, or who has died or may hereafter die after being wounded;
(1) In any action against an enemy of the United States;
(2) In any action with an opposing armed force of a foreign country
in which the Armed Forces of the United States are or have been engaged;
(3) While serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed
conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is
not a belligerent party;
(4) As a result of an act of any such enemy of opposing armed
forces;
(5) As the result of an act of any hostile foreign force;
(6) After 28 March 1973, as a result of an international terrorist
attack against the United States or a foreign nation friendly to the
United States, recognized as such an attack by the Secretary of the
department concerned, or jointly by the Secretaries of the departments
concerned if persons from more than one department are wounded in the
attack; or,
(7) After 28 March 1973, as a result of military operations, while
serving outside the territory of the United States as part of a
peacekeeping force.
(8) After 7 December 1941, by weapon fire while directly engaged in
armed conflict, regardless of the fire causing the wound.
(9) While held as a prisoner of war or while being taken captive.
b. A wound for which the award is made must have required
treatment by a
medical officer.
4. Components:
a. Decoration (regular size): MIL-D-3943/24; NSN for set
8455-00-269-
5757; individual medal 8455-00-246-3833.
b. Decoration (miniature size): MIL-D-3943//24.
c. Ribbon: MIL-R-11589/126. NSN 8455-00-9948.
d. Lapel Button (metal replica of ribbon bar):
MIL-L-11484/18. NSN 8455-
00-253-0818.
5. Background: a. The original Purple Heart, designated as the Badge of
Military Merit, was established by General George Washington by order
from his headquarters at Newburgh, New York, August 7, 1782. The
writings of General Washington quoted in part:
"The General ever desirous to cherish a virtuous ambition in his
soldiers, as well as to foster and encourage every species of Military
Merit, directs that whenever any singularly meritorious action is
performed, the author of it shall be permitted to wear on his facings
over the left breast, the figure of a heart in purple cloth or silk,
edged with narrow lace or binding. Not only instances of unusual
gallantry, but also of extraordinary fidelity and essential service in
any way shall meet with a due reward".
b. So far as the known surviving records show, this honor badge was
granted to only three men, all of them noncommissioned officers:
Sergeant Daniel Bissell of the 2d Connecticut Regiment of the
Continental Line; Sergeant William Brown of the 5th Connecticut Regiment
of the Continental Line, and Sergeant Elijah Churchill of the 2d
Continental Dragoons, which was also a Connecticut Regiment. The
original Purple Heart depicted on the first page is a copy of the badge
awarded to Sergeant Elijah Churchill and is now owned by the New Windsor
Cantonment, National Temple Hill Association, PO Box 525, Vails Gate, NY
12584. The only other known original badge is the badge awarded to
Sergeant William Brown and is in the possession of The Society of the
Cincinnati, New Hampshire Branch but differs in design by not having any
lettering embroidered on the heart and the leaves are at the top only
with a larger spray of leaves at the base.
c. Subsequent to the Revolution, the Order of the Purple Heart had
fallen into disuse and no further awards were made. By Order of the
President of the United States, the Purple Heart was revived on the
200th Anniversary of George Washington's birth, out of respect to his
memory and military achievements, by War Department General Orders No.
3, dated 22 February 1932. The criteria was announced in War Department
Circular dated 22 February 1932 and authorized award to soldiers, upon
their request, who had been awarded the Meritorious Service Citation
Certificate or were authorized to wear wound chevrons subsequent to 5
April 1917.
d. During the early period of World War II (7 Dec 41 to 22 Sep 43),
the Purple Heart was awarded both for wounds received in action against
the enemy and for meritorious performance of duty. With the
establishment of the Legion of Merit, by an Act of Congress, the
practice of awarding the Purple Heart for meritorious service was
discontinued. By Executive Order 9277, dated 3 December 1942, the
decoration was extended to be applicable to all services and the order
required that regulations of the Services be uniform in application as
far as practicable. This executive order also authorized award only for
wounds received.
e. Executive Order 10409, dated 12 February 1952, revised
authorizations to include the Service Secretaries subject to approval of
the Secretary of Defense. Executive Order 11016, dated 25 April 1962,
included provisions for posthumous award of the Purple Heart. Executive
Order 12464, dated 23 February 1984, authorized award of the Purple
Heart as a result of terrorist attacks or while serving as part of a
peacekeeping force subsequent to 28 March 1973.
f. The Senate approved an amendment to the 1985 Defense
Authorization Bill on 13 June 1985, which changed the precedent from
immediately above the Good Conduct Medal to immediately above the
Meritorious Service Medals. Public Law 99-145 authorized the award for
wounds received as a result of "friendly fire". Public Law 104-106
expanded the eligibility date, authorizing award of the Purple Heart to
a former prisoner of war who was wounded before 25 April 1962.
g. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year1998
(Public Law 105-85) changed the criteria to delete authorization for
award of the Purple Heart Medal to any civilian national of the United
States while serving under competent authority in any capacity with the
Armed Forces. This change was effective 18 May 1998.
h. Order of precedence and wear of decorations is contained in Army
Regulation 670-1. Policy for awards, approving authority, supply, and
issue of decorations is contained in AR 600-8-22.
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